Volume 12 - Issue 63
/ March 2023
289
http:// www.amazoniainvestiga.info ISSN 2322- 6307
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.63.03.27
How to Cite:
Bortniak, K., Merdova, O., Tsomra, V., Daraganova, N., & Mykhailov, R. (2023). Experience of administrative and legal support
for control and supervision. Amazonia Investiga, 12(63), 289-298. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.63.03.27
Experience of administrative and legal support for control and
supervision
Досвід адміністративно-правового забезпечення контрольно-наглядової діяльності
Received: March 20, 2023 Accepted: April 30, 2023
Written by:
Kateryna Bortniak1
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-3820
Web of Science ResearcherID: EQW-5951-2022
Olga Merdova2
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-2364
Web of Science ResearcherID: AAF-7927-2021
Volodymyr Tsomra3
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2331-9084
Web of Science ResearcherID: HTL-4426-2023
Nina Daraganova4
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1512-2938
Web of Science ResearcherID: M-7684-2016
Ruslan Mykhailov5
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-7260
Web of Science ResearcherID: AFK-5340-2022
Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyse the
experience of the EU countries regarding the
administrative and legal support for control and
supervision in the context of Ukraine’s accession
to the EU. The main methods of research in the
article are methods of structural construction,
analytical substantiation, and logical
construction. The development and
implementation of a new public administration
policy was determined in the article as one of the
most important vectors for the modernization of
public administration. It reduces the relativity
and number of points of contact between
companies and the state. On the other hand, the
European Community establishes a model of the
number of regulatory bodies, and the conditions
for Ukraine’s accession to the EU require
bringing their objectives in line with European
standards. When the optimization of the system
1
PhD of Law Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Public and Private Law, Kyiv V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University,
Kyiv, Ukraine.
2
PhD of Law Sciences, Head of the Department of Administrative and Legal Disciplines of the Faculty №2, Donetsk State University
of Internal Affairs, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine.
3
Postgraduate Student, Kyiv V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
4
Doctor of Law Sciences, Professor, Department of Administrative, Financial and Information Law, Faculty of International Trade
and Law, State University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine.
5
PhD of Law Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Law Enforcement and Police Studies, Faculty No. 1, Kryvyi Rih
Educational and Scientific Institute of the Donetsk University of Internal Affairs, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine.
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of control and supervisory institutions is
imperfect, it is fundamentally important to make
a balanced acceptable decision and to avoid an
imbalance in the work of state control and
supervisory bodies. Based on the conducted
research, a list of measures to reduce control and
regulatory activities in the context of Ukraine’s
accession to the EU was made. At the same time,
regulatory bodies are the most important
guarantors of the success and sustainable
development of the entire country. This
determines the relevance of the research and
substantiates the need to analyse the experience
of the EU countries regarding administrative and
legal mechanisms of supervision and control.
Prospects for further research are the analysis of
the effectiveness of the proposed measures, and
determining a range of interested persons in order
to improve the administrative and legal support
for control and supervision.
Keywords: control, supervision, administration,
provision, analysis.
Introduction
In the context of Ukraine’s accession to the
European Union, studying the experience of
administrative and legal support in order to
reduce control and supervisory pressure is
relevant. Civilized and mutually beneficial
relations with other countries can be developed
through the creation and improvement of
national laws, as well as administrative rules
regulating control and supervision.
Since the independence of Ukraine, state
authorities and local self-government bodies
have developed and implemented a set of
measures to ensure compliance with the
legislation and state policy. However, the general
level and quality of regulatory and legal support
for control and supervision does not meet the
needs of society and the state. In this regard,
problems have accumulated during the period of
Ukraine’s accession to the EU, which require the
fastest possible development and implementation
of new forms and methods of administrative and
legal regulation. Therefore, some parts of the
laws of Ukraine have exhausted their regulatory
legal resource and require a functional and
meaningful revision. Cadastral management is
not permanently organized to ensure effective
control. The weak enforcement of legislation is
one of the most urgent problems in this area,
which has led to enormous corruption and
bribery, abuses of power and lack of
professionalism in this area. This significantly
limits the subjects’ capabilities and increases the
distrust of the population in the governing
bodies.
A large number of unsolved problems in this area
indicates that the system of administrative and
legal control and supervision requires
improvement and strengthening of its role, which
necessitates the development of control and
supervision.
The aim of this article is to analyse the
experience of the EU countries regarding the
administrative and legal support for the control
and supervision in the context of Ukraine’s
accession to the EU.
The aim involved the fulfilment of the following
research objectives:
• study conceptual framework of control and
supervision in Ukraine;
• analyse the state of the legislative
framework regarding administrative and
legal support;
• describe the administrative and legal
framework for the support of the entities
engaged in control and supervision;
• determine theoretico-methodological and
practical proposals for improving the
administrative and legal support for
supervision.
Bortniak, K., Merdova, O., Tsomra, V., Daraganova, N., Mykhailov, R. / Volume 12 - Issue 63: 289-298 / March, 2023
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The subject of the research is social relations
between interested parties in the course of control
and supervision. The object of the research is the
principles, methods and mechanisms of
administrative and legal support for control and
supervision.
Literature review
The concepts of supervision and control are
similar to ensure legality. Analysis of the most
important scientific methods that distinguish
between supervision and control, or vice versa,
their identification confirms that control in the
broad sense of supervision and inspection is a
prerequisite, sub-function or stage of control.
The use of the term “control and supervision” is
explained by assigning control powers to the vast
majority of subjects.
Hoerudin and Maolani (2019) defined the
concept of control and supervision and
emphasized the need to achieve optimality. It
was determined that the positive impact of
control and supervision can increase the
efficiency and effectiveness of the government in
public services with the benefit of the public.
Rączka and Chludziński (2021) emphasize that it
is necessary to distinguish between the concepts
of control and supervision in the field of public
administration.
At the same time, control and supervision must
be supported by administrative and legal
principles. A significant part of the above-
mentioned and other problems have accumulated
because of the lack of research. The studies on
modern domestic and foreign administrative law
focus on the issue of administrative law in
different spheres. Syrett and Alder (2021)
consider constitutional and administrative rights
in public administration. Rosenbloom (2022),
Rosenbloom et al., (2022) provided a deeper
definition of administrative and legal support in
public administration. Kokhanovskaya et al.,
(2019) conducted a similar study.
Panagiotopoulos et al., (2019) explored the
concept of administrative law in the field of
digitization. Ellickson et al., (2020) study the
issue of legal security of land relations.
Exploring the genesis of the institution of
administrative responsibility in the legal system
of Ukraine, Goncharuk et al., (2020) observed
the development of a new subject composition of
officials who have the right to impose
administrative fines and introduce subjects
engaged in control and supervision. Mulligan and
Bamberger (2019) examines administrative law
in the field of education. So, the issues of
administrative law are considered separately for
each field of application. There is a need to
develop a comprehensive approach to
administrative and legal support for control and
supervision.
Fisher and Shapiro (2020), Androniceanu (2021)
considered the implementation of state policy at
the administrative level. Research results show
that ministries have made progress in ensuring
administrative transparency. They are useful and
interesting to both academia and ministries to
help them identify ways of increasing
transparency for better democratic governance.
Despite the large number of studies on specific
issues related to the organization and carrying out
control and supervision in Ukraine, this issue has
not yet been fully studied, which determines its
importance for a deep scientific understanding.
The primary task is to improve and develop the
existing systems of administrative and legal
control and supervision of public relations in
Ukraine.
Methods
The methodological framework of the research
are general and special methods of modern
scientific knowledge, the application of which is
determined by a systematic approach to the
issues in a single socially meaningful and legal
form. The main conceptual tools were developed
using logical semantics. The comparative law
was used to describe the concepts and signs of
control and supervision in the field of real estate,
analyse its administrative and legal framework,
and study the field of legal regulation of real
estate.
The main methods are the general and special
methods of scientific knowledge. Their
application is determined by a systemic approach
that allows to investigate the issues of social units
and their legal form. The general scientific
dialectics was applied to observe the
development and interrelationships of legal
phenomena and processes for identifying the
main trends and directions of development in
order to improve the legal support of control and
supervision. The methods of analysis and
synthesis, deduction and induction were used to
study theoretical and practical issues of the
process of legal regulation. A historical and legal
approach, the development of scientific opinion
regarding the control and supervision, and the
emergence of a subject system of state control is
considered. A systemic structural approach made
it possible to determine the internal structure of
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the systems of control and regulatory bodies, as
well as identify gaps in institutional and
regulatory support. The distribution of roles,
responsibilities, control and management was
considered using a functional legal approach.
The conceptual framework was deepened with
the help of a logical semantic approach, in
particular, the essence of such concepts as
“control and supervision”, “administrative and
legal support”, and the difference between the
corresponding terms. A comparative law
approach is used to analyse national laws
governing the practice of control and supervision
for ensuring compliance with relevant
international agreements and conventions, as
well as foreign laws. Recommendations for
improving the current legislation were developed
using modelling and forecasting methods, as well
as formal methods. Conclusions and propositions
are based on the requirements of formal logic for
coherence, consistency and validity of
judgments. The novelty of the work is an in-
depth study of the organizational and legal
foundations of state control and monitoring. As a
result of the conducted research, the general
trends of the development of a separate complex
of legal regimes were determined, and new
conceptual directions for the improvement of
legislation were developed.
The empirical basis of the research is the
statistics collected by control and supervisory
bodies from management and other law
enforcement practices.
The theoretical basis is formed by the studies of
specialists in general political and legal theory,
entrepreneurship, management, state, civil,
economic and other legal sciences. The articles
and conclusions are based on regulatory acts,
laws and the Constitution of Ukraine, which
determine the basic principles of administrative
and legal support for control and supervision in
Ukraine. The basis of the research is an overview
of industry practices of control and supervision,
analytical articles, political and legal news,
reference publications, material statistics on
these matters, and relations with countries.
Personal experience of administrative and
executive work is also used.
Results
Control and supervision are defined in forms that
occur at all stages of the administrative process,
extend to all its parties and are the main elements of
norms of behaviour in the legal sphere. In general,
public administration and society are governed by a
large number of state, independent and public
institutions with various supervisory and control
powers. It is possible to oppose the
bureaucratization of public administration
mechanisms, and, if necessary, oppose official
government institutions with the help of the active
influence of the public on the course of all processes
in society, in particular in the field of control and
supervision, through the development of non-
government institutions.
Control and supervision are taken by the state,
territorial communities and competent government
bodies in different control and supervision areas in
order to ensure compliance with the legislation by
state authorities and local self-government bodies.
National laws regulate the activities of government
institutions, enterprises, organizations and
individuals. Figure 1 presents the features of control
and supervision.
Figure 1. Special features of control and supervision in Ukraine (developed by the author)
Affects subjects who carry it out in one of three
jurisdictions (groups): control characteristics of
state bodies, control characteristics of
independent and public institutions and control
State, autonomous and public bodies
carrying out control and supervision
Control
Supervision
The object of control and monitoring of
objective conditions is the territory of Ukraine
with various basic conditions
Has an independent goal — ensuring
compliance of state authorities, local self-
government bodies, enterprises, institutions,
organizations and citizens with the laws of
Ukraine and the assigned duties
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The principles of regulatory activity form the
main ideas, provisions and requirements that
must guide all issues related to the type, form,
direction and method of regulatory work. The
analysis of regulatory legal practice and
academic literature on the definition and
consolidation of supervision principles makes it
possible to divide the principles of supervision
and control into two groups: general principles
and specific principles. The general principles of
control and supervision arising from the
principles of public administration include
legality, information, freedom, humanitarianism,
justice, equality before the law, public
participation in public administration. Specific
principles of control and supervision related to
the state and public relations are studies, design,
system, objectivity, production, complexity,
justice, efficiency, officiality, interaction. So,
control and supervision can be divided into three
main levels: state level, independent control and
supervision at the local level, and public control
and supervision (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Levels of control and supervision (generalized by the author)
The effectiveness of control and supervision at
each level of management is aimed at ensuring
compliance with the legislation of Ukraine by
state authorities, territorial communities,
enterprises, institutions, organizations and
citizens. Their effectiveness depends on optimal
administrative and legal support at each level of
the hierarchy of control and supervision. The
Ukraine’s accession to the European Union arose
a need to make changes and additions to the
regulatory legal acts, in particular with the aim of
clarifying the material system of state control and
supervision.
The formation of administrative and legal
support for control and supervision has gone
through several stages and is currently in the
reformation stage (Figure 3).
The necessary regulatory and legal framework
for proper control and supervision of state
relations has been created throughout the
territory of Ukraine, the necessary national target
plans and improvement of activities have been
approved. However, it should be noted that the
development of the legal framework of control
and supervision in Ukraine is significantly
hampered by a number of factors, in particular,
the strengthened control and supervision, as well
as regulatory and legislative acts. Analysis of the
current legislation, which regulates control and
supervision in Ukraine, shows that it is necessary
to make changes to the current legislation in
order to solve the problems. The conditions for
joining the European Union require the
improvement of legislation in terms of reducing
control. The institutionalization and unification
of regulatory behaviour related to the
management and control of state relations is
planned at this stage. This is the main direction
of improvement of state laws and regulatory acts
in the field of state relations at all levels.
Improvement of the legislative framework and
strengthening of measures of administrative
responsibility, legal limitation of powers of
government bodies and citizens regarding
resource management and control over relations,
improvement of unified implementation of
control procedures. In Ukraine, national
legislation and regulations on control and
supervision should be brought into line with
international legislation.
World experience International approach
State regulation
Local level of administrative and legal support
(regulatory legal acts)
Regulatory legal acts related to the spheres of
application of control and supervision
Macrolevel
Mesolevel
Microlevel
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Figure 3. Stages of development of administrative and legal support for control and supervision
(generalized by the author)
For this purpose, the necessary priority task is the
analysis of the world experience of
administrative and legal support for control and
supervision. Table 1 presents the characteristics
of the administrative and legal support in the
leading countries of the world.
Table 1.
International experience of administrative and legal support for control and supervision (author’s own
development)
Country
Main law
Legislation at the state
level
Regulatory and legal
support at the local
level
Peculiarities
United
States
The US
Constitution
State bodies are
endowed with special
powers of higher
executive bodies
Regulatory acts of 50
municipal systems
State bodies have the right to
exercise state control
Republic
of
Lithuania
Constitution
of the
Republic of
Lithuania
Law on Local
Communities
European Charter of
Local Self-
Government
A detailed list of competencies.
All activities are divided into state
and independent functions.
Germany
Constitution
of Germany
Legislation passed by
the Central
Government and the
relevant state bodies
Regulatory acts
approved by the
Ministry of Internal
Affairs of the federal
land
It is based on the Basic Law with
the provision of full responsibility
and independence to local
communities.
Poland
Constitution
of Poland
Laws and by-laws of
the Supreme Chamber
Enforcement of laws
at the state level
Control is divided into external
and internal. The local level of
law enforcement is ensured by the
fear of sanctions.
France
Constitution
of France
National Gendarmerie
of France. State and
administrative
institutions
Enforcement of laws
approved at the state
level
The prefect performs the
functions of supervision and
control over the local authorities,
that is, it exercises administrative
vigilance and leaves the
independence of local
communities.
Formation of general principles of supervision and control in various fields of
application. The beginning of reforms after gaining independence: creation of the
necessary legislative framework (1991-1995), creation of authorized control bodies,
adoption of a number of standards in accordance with the laws and the Constitution of
Ukraine, introduction of new laws. Between 1996 to 2000, the principles and methods of
creating and strengthening control in Ukraine were established.
1991– 2000
Development of the system of legal guarantees of control and supervision of state
relations. Finalization of the main principles of control and supervision in accordance
with the legislation (2001-2005), creation and approval of an effective management
mechanism. Laws and regulatory acts (2006-2014) determine the main types, forms and
means of control and supervision.
2001– 2014
Legal mechanisms in various spheres and directions of control and supervision are
gaining significant development, institutional subsystems related to the government
control were established. Laws on strengthening the functions of state control were
developed. The conditions for more effective development in all spheres of social life
were created. The completeness of the implementation of the national policy and the
distribution of powers of state bodies regarding the state regulation and management.
2014–2022
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European local self-government bodies have
undergone major changes that enabled them to
better cooperate with each other on policies and
related programmes. Later, the conceptual
framework of activities had to be further
modified to reflect internationalization,
especially because of the accession of countries
to the EU. These reforms can be divided into four
types: regulation of the number of units,
organizational reforms, financial reforms,
functional and procedural reforms. As part of the
first wave of reform, the number of self-
governing units, especially municipalities, was
reduced through mergers. An operational
substantiation was used as a starting point: it was
assumed that large groups and administrative
units were needed to effectively deliver services
on the ground to avoid overhead and benefit from
economies of scale. Thanks to consolidation,
new forms of local institutions, such as service
circles, parish committees, and self-government,
were reduced, and in other places significantly
increased.
Based on the principles of democracy and
decentralization, local self-government bodies
are empowered to independently resolve all
issues of local importance, promote the optimal
combination of local and national interests, and
carry out the most effective socio-economic
activities of the regions. Therefore, local self-
government should be considered as an integral
part of civil society and an indicator of
democracy. As we saw on the example of the EU
member states, local self-government is one of
the most important institutions in the social
structure of local self-government. As regards
city self-government, problems related to the life
of citizens should be considered and solved first
of all.
Current administrative and legal norms have
their own peculiarities. The organization of
administrative law provides for a set of measures
aimed at the organization and rationalization of
national administrative systems to ensure
regulatory influence by creating legal and
economic conditions for the stable functioning of
all types of assets in terms of ownership, use and
transfer. The body representing the state is
entrusted with a number of tasks in the field of
regulation, where the functions of supervision
and control are one of the most important means
of ensuring legality. It is emphasized that the
creation of an adequate administrative and legal
system of regulation is a reliable means of
ensuring the achievement of the goals and
objectives set by the state and creates the
necessary basis for achieving the overall stability
of the country’s economy and society.
Management functions are mainly carried out
with the help of administrative and legal means
of politics. Unlike other methods of management
(social, psychological, economic, informational),
the method of administrative law is based on
authority, order and responsibility. The main
form of implementation and use of
administrative law management methods is an
orderly and operative intervention in the
management process with the aim of
coordinating the efforts of its participants to fulfil
the assigned tasks.
From the perspective of improving the principles
and norms of supervision, it is based on a positive
perception of time, adopting relevant foreign
experience, and its emphasis on the current
realistic needs. The peculiarities of regulation are
partly determined by the peculiarities of their
legal systems (Roman-Germanic, Anglo-
American). Attention is drawn to the principles
of regulation of registered works, the relevant
state supervisory and control bodies, the limits of
intervention of these bodies in the production
activities of controlled objects (as a rule, only in
cases of prevention and termination), the
possibility of applying laws on the rational use of
resources, European and world standards of
quality and safety, as well as consulting on
organization and structures.
There is a need for further systematization of
laws in this area through the adoption of a special
Law of Ukraine. A study of the problems of
supervision and control was conducted,
inconsistencies and shortcomings in the work of
local self-government bodies were identified, he
amendments to the current laws were proposed to
solve the identified problems. Summarizing
foreign experience, we can conclude that in
Ukraine it is necessary to clearly define the list of
state bodies and officials who have the right to
organize effective control and supervision of the
work of state bodies and local self-government
officials. The main tasks can be defined as
carrying out control and supervision in the field
of local self-government, limitation of powers of
subjects of supervision, standardization of
supervisory and control procedures in the public
sphere, introduction of principles and methods of
unification of state administration at the regional
and local levels.
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Discussion
For Ukraine, the trend of globalization and
integration of state development poses an urgent
strategic task of reforming control and
supervision and bringing them in line with those
current in the EU. Khadzhyradieva et al., (2020)
studied in detail the directions of reforming
control and supervision in the context of
accession to the EU. The lack of resources for the
implementation of certain reforms at the current
stage was also noted. Onyango (2020) and
Halligan (2020) conducted a similar study in this
area. At the same time, the practical
implementation of measures proposed in these
studies is limited by public distrust of authorities.
Two groups of characteristics of control and
supervision can be distinguished: general,
characterizing it as a general activity, and
specific, characterizing this activity as a legal
phenomenon. The peculiarities of control and
supervision are determined depending on their
legal nature: the nature of powers, intentionality,
type of organization regulated by law, enabling
independent actions of the subject to entrust
control and supervision to a lower entity. These
features are discussed in Aman et al., (2020),
Rosenbloom (2022), Kuhlmann and Wollmann
(2019). Administrative and legal support
permeates all aspects of social life under the
influence of law and is regulated by law to ensure
its effectiveness. Van Helden and
Reichard (2019) study the efficiency issues. At
the same time, the adaptation of the proposed
approach to the instable external environment
requires the study of additional approaches and
directions.
The activity of the state control and supervisory
bodies is highly specialized (Cobbe, 2019,
Topolia, 2022; Pleskach, 2020; Dombrovan &
Izbash, 2022) and involves the relevant tasks:
compliance with land legislation, quality- and
safety-related issues. The financial, legal
regulatory integration measures should be
implemented, amendments to regulatory acts
should be introduced in order to increase the
efficiency of competent control and supervisory
institutions. The authors note internal vertical
and horizontal connections between the said state
bodies, as well as connections of national control
and supervision bodies with the general system
of control bodies. So, control and supervision are
at different levels, and are divided into different
types depending on the part of public life.
Programmes that provide various administrative
services, mainly in industries and types of
activity, remain unregulated. Analysing the
current state of the legislation on administrative
and legal support in Ukraine, one can notice a
number of shortcomings that lead to a significant
decrease in the effectiveness of their practical
application.
Measures ensuring the effectiveness of
administrative responsibility for offences in the
field of relations of the country include
identifying and excluding inconsistencies in
current laws from the list of violations on the
territory of the country.
Conclusions
The effectiveness of supervision and control is
important for the development of the economy as
a whole, both in terms of the actual results of
supervision and the set social goals. It is
determined by a number of social, economic, and
legal criteria.
The article defines that the level of legal
foundations of control and supervision is one of
the main indicators of the effectiveness of control
measures. Therefore, the quality of reform
largely depends on the success of improving the
quality of administrative and legal support. The
laws that regulate control measures in this area
accurately define and establish the legal status of
the main objects, clearly regulate the form and
method of control in the field of relations with
the state. Systematization, division into
appropriate stages and legal provisions of the
type of independent and state control in Ukraine,
creation of legal guarantees of the legality of
control measures.
In the field of modern legal frameworks, it was
determined that the institutional structure of state
control is characterized by the lack of clarity in
determining the powers of the controlling body.
This leads to the duplication of tasks in the
relevant ministries and departments, such as the
Ministry for Regional Development, Building
and Housing of Ukraine, the Ministry of
Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine, Ministry
of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine.
The need for further improvement of control and
supervision, clarification of roles, powers and
duties of administrative bodies at all levels and
individual supervisory officials is emphasized.
This mission requires the reduction of existing
supervisory and regulatory bodies and the
centralization of supervision in this area,
appointment of a single supervisory agency,
avoiding the duplication of supervisory functions
between jurisdictions and executive authorities.
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The main task of ensuring the effectiveness of
supervision and control is the cessation of illegal
activities and the improvement of law
enforcement measures. The main task is to
strengthen responsibility and establish effective
mechanisms to prevent abuse. It is necessary to
clearly define the legal obligations and main
characteristics of legal entities as independent
subjects of legal relations in order to increase the
effectiveness of control. Increasing the
effectiveness of control in this area can also
contribute to taking measures to prevent and
eliminate violations in state relations.
As an integral part of the general process of
democratization of public administration in
Ukraine, the optimization of the management
system also requires its mandatory
decentralization. Therefore, it is necessary to
develop and implement mechanisms to ensure
the decentralization of the industry in order to
ensure sustainability in the long term and its
effective use by turning local communities into
full owners. Based on the decentralization
principle, it seems necessary to drastically reduce
the number of management bodies outside the
territory of control. So, the improvement of
monitoring and control appears to be directly
related to the redistribution of control between
government institutions and local self-
government bodies, as well as full self-
government. It is currently necessary to develop
and adopt the relevant legal documents
containing the conditions of autonomy and
public control in the sphere of state relations as
soon as possible.
The practical significance of the results obtained
in the article can be determined as follows: the
results are the basis for the further development
of theoretical and legal issues of control and
supervision of relations in the country, the
definition and clarification of laws and
regulatory acts which will improve the
effectiveness of control and supervision.
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